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The heatsink primarily functions to prevent overheating by dissipating heat generated by the computer's components, particularly the processor and sometimes the graphics card. As these components execute calculations and processes, they generate heat as a byproduct. The heatsink is made of materials that are efficient at conducting and dispersing this heat away from the critical components, ensuring that temperatures remain within safe operating limits. When the heatsink absorbs the heat, it increases its surface area, allowing air to flow around it and carry the heat away, which helps maintain optimal performance and prolong the lifespan of the hardware.

In contrast, options involving enhancing speed or graphical performance pertain to different aspects of system performance, such as processing power or graphics rendering capabilities, and are not directly related to the function of the heatsink. Additionally, the heatsink does not store data; rather, it is focused solely on thermal management within the system. Therefore, its primary role is indeed to prevent overheating through effective heat dissipation.